il&siilrpii!^^ MM-
Volume Wo- 4
Winter
MEMORY MAP
ADDRESS
2
3
5
5
6
7
10
ROUTINES
Information and Chairmen — TreaSury NoteS
Input/Output — by Abed Kahale
Visit to Larry Kenny's Page
Sinclair E-Mail List
The Train - Joe rampolla
2-Liner - David Lassov
From the Chairman's Disk — Donald Lambert
ADDRESS
10
12
17
20
FILES
Changing Screen Att - David Solly
Z80 Workshop - E. A. Parr
SUBROUTINES
Unclassified Ads
ZQA! Index
i is i liii i i
ie again to mmw
ZXir QLive Alive! ©
Established 1991 The Timex/Sinclair NorthAmerican User Groups Newsletter
T/SNUG Information
We wish to support the following platforms :
ZX-80/81, TS-1000, Spectrum, TS-2068, Z88
and QL. If you have any questions about any of
these fine Sinclairs, contact the:
Chairman
Chief Motivator
Donald S. Lambert
738 Gunnar Ln.
Forsyth, EL 62535
Vice "Chairmen
Tape & JLO PD Library
D. G. Smith
415 Stone St.
Johnstown, PA 15906
814 535-6998
Z88 Library
Dave Bennett (HATSUG)
1275 Timber View Dr,
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055-9146
717 732-4374
QL Hacker's Journal
Timothy Swenson
2455 Medallion Dr.
Union City, CA 94587-1914
swensontoi@geocities.com
TS-206S
Rod Humphreys (VSUG)
10984 Collins PL
Delta, BC V4C 7E6 Canada
604 583-2819
QL PD Library
John Donaldson (CATUG)
835 Foxwood Cir.
Geneva, IL 60134-1631
630 232-6147
AERCO & Z80 Emulator
Keith Watson
41^34 Amberiy Dr.
Mt. Clemens, Mi 48038
BBS — ^GATOR— —
Bob Swoger (CATUG)
613 Parkside Cir.
Stream wood, IL 60107-1647
630 837-7957 Woric 847 576-8068
Any of the above can also be
reached by E-Mail through the
Club BBS 847 632-5558
ZXir QLive Alive!
Is the newsletter of T/SNUG, the
Timex/Sinclair North American User
Groups, providing news and
software support to the T/S com-
munity inaYOLU^IE of four
newsletters per year; beginning with
the Spring (March) issue.
T/SNUG' s main goal is to
preserve and encourage the
use of Sinclair computers
by providing an open
forum for the exchange of
knowledge, building and
maintaining of software
libraries. Providing
vendors, repair service and
members with free ad
space.
It is the user groups and individual
subscribers, rather than the vendors,
that provide the pecuniary support
for this newsletter. Vendors and
developers receive this newsletter
free of charge, though contribution
from vendors and user groups is
gratefully accepted. Please support
our vendors and service providers
whenever possible.
If you have a problem or you have
solved a problem, please share it
with the rest of us. No problem will
be considered unimportant.
Publisher
mm
fou can keep T/SNUG alive by
an annual contribution of $12
for one VOLUME made payable to
AbedKahale. Send check to :-
ABED KAHALE
3343 S FLAT ROCK CT
SIERRA VISTA AZ 85650-6874
520 378-3424
Back copies are available for
$1.00 each postpaid.
of December 15 , 1999, we have
a balance of $786. 12
Send in your articles by disk, hardcopy or mail,
e-mail and your inputs to: —
Abed Kahale
E-mail: AKahale@compuserve.com
Welcome
To better inform the Sinclair Community, three
24-hour a day BBSs are now provided to serve
you. You are encouraged to exchange mail
and use the files sections of these boards. Bulletins
and ads are available to all,
Q-Box BBS 810 254-9878
Utica, Michigan
SOL BBS 520 882 -0388
Tucson, Arizona
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WebPages
http://users.aol.clubbbs/tsnug/
http.V/www. outlawnet. cornHpoatnoA
If you know the Internet E-Mail address of a
Sinclair user, but do not have access to Internet,
simply address your E-Mail to GATOR Sinclair on
the 24-hour Club BBS and include the name and
E-Mail address of the user you wish to reach. Then
check the Club BBS from time to time if you expect
a reply.
We encourage you to exchange mail and
contribute to the UPLOAD section. Call and
register using your first, last name and phone
number along with a password you wont forget.
Write It Down! Do not try to do anything else at
this time.
When you call-in the next time, you will have
Level 5 security and be able to enjoy full
user privileges. The BBS has smaller sections
called conferences. Select "J " tor "Join a Confer-
ence". Select "TIMEX" to get into the Sinclair
Section. The mail you then read will only be from
other T/S users. Use extension .ART for articles,
.ADS for ads and .NWS for news wh'
UPLOADing.
For help, contact the S YSOP, Bob Swoger, by
leaving a message, mail, E-Mail or phone.
CENG 1 08@email.mot. com
ZXir QLive Alive!
2
Winter 1999
Input/Output
Thanks for the reply!
The article I wrote dealt mostly with obscure
formatting commands in the CompuServe mail composing
situation. Before I bought this new computer, I was using
an old IBM PC clone, the Apex by Epson. Before that, the
T/S 1000 with the 32 column screen CompuServe wasn't
the problem as much as the ZCOM software for the Byte-
Back modem. So I showed a way to compose off-line and
then upload and use reformatting commands to convert text
to 80 col for FAX or other documents. You could always
compose on-line in the 80 columns .
But now I don't know if CompuServe still supports
those old reformatting commands. I was having problems
with my old IBM clone crashing when using certain
sections of CompuServe, even when CS was supposed to
still support ASCII interfaces
(My article also showed how to reprogram some keyboard
characters and add characters the T/S character set didn't
originally have. But this was all with the crazy ZCOM
modem software, which wasn't the best .)
I had a problem in trying to figure a way to unpack the
input byte on the BB-1 I/O board which would be a binary
number, and I just wanted to pick out one bit, (any one
depending on what train layout sensor was "on") with only
one line of T/S 1000 BASIC , Speed was an issue There
was a way to unpack the whole byte in about 8 program
lines, but that took too much time. Here is an example of
my program:
300 LET B=PEEK Y (Peek Y is the
input byte in binary)
301 IF INT (B/4) <> INT ((B/4) +
0.5) THEN GOTO 315
300 GOTO 300
(Line 301 picks out the second bit and breaks the loop.)
I remembered a computer class assignment back in
'77 when we had to determine if a number was odd or even,
and this came in handy, dividing the number in half and
adding 0.5 and comparing it to the number just divided in
half, with the integer function rounding off the numbers.
The T/S 1000's BASIC doesn't use AND and OR like other
versions of BASIC. Perhaps there is an easier way to pick
out the one bit, but I was working on this without any help.
I wish the E-Machine was free, There was a possible
rebate of $400 from CompuServe, but here in Hanover
there isn't a local access number, so I had to go with a
smaller, local company as my ISP, and couldn't use the
rebate.
1 don't use CompuServe as an ISP since I would have
to pay about $4-6 an hour in telephone long distance
charges. The E-Machine was a good deal, the best price I
could find with an Intel Celeron and other features. Whole
thing cost about $750 with a printer and software I added so
far. Just saw an ad for a scanner yesterday, but it is a low
end product and I think my money would be better spent on
a better model. Take care,
Joe Rampolla
j prampolla@blazenet. net
Hy my friend
I want know infomations about Timex 1000 Because I
have a Micro Z81 (Zilog Z80a) Called TK-85 in brazil. And
want used your softwares in my pc (in DOS or Windows )
So I need a emulator Sincalir Timex 1000 at dos or
windows If you can help me Thanks
Castrox@portoweb com br
/ have an emulator for the TS-1000 on a floppy
disk, (by Carlo Delhez), I do not know how good it
works. Please send your addfesjs.
Hy my friend thanks But how send us money to you
?? And how many?? My adress is
Antonio Castro
Porto Alegie , RS
Rua Anita Garibaldi 336/405
Brazil Cep: 90450-000
/ mailed you a disk on 26 September, free.
Hi Abed,
Here's an email I got today Know anyone interested?
Jack Bqatwngnt
Hi, there.
1 had my daughter move back in with us and in the
process of cleaning up and making room for herself and her
son, she came across my old T-S 2068 computer. 1 thought
I had thrown it out years ago, but I guess was wrong,
hmmmm?
Anyway, I started browsing the NET to see if I could
find any user groups for them or anyone else that might be
interested in mine If you are still in that mode or know
anyone who is, could you please refer them to me?? I don't
have the power pack or other cables, but I do have the
computer itself and a book of 50 programs for it by Roger
Valentine
Please refer anyone to <yosemitejim@msn com> if
they are interested Thanks very much.
Jim Mack
I'd love to have it and will pay shipping.
William Girni us Girnius W@bls.gov
Hi
I remember your name Now I have a company that
makes computerized cutting systems.
www.LarkenCNC , com
Larry kenny
Hi Abed,
Sorry, I forgot to send you my new email address. As
of 9/30 the one you mailed the column to will be out of
service. Please use the one at the top of this message.
Thanks for the column again. Later,
Rod Gowen
Oregon City, Oregon
ei377@freenet.carleton.ca
Hi Abed,
Also thanks for forwarding the note on the guy with
the old T/S. I hope my old T/S 1000 holds out for me. The
I/O board from Byte-Back was new just about 2 years ago.
Without the T/S 1000, 1 am lost. I rewired an old TI 99/4A
ZXir QLive Alive!
3
Winter 1999
might soften the market next Spring but, I think that will
present itself as one of those "buying opportunities" for the
brave of heart who have deep pockets .
As I said, I think we are in a plateau phase in which
we may see a few deep crevasses before coming to the
plateau's other edge
Al Feng
keyboard and soldered the ribbon cable directly to the T/S
board. Only problem with the T/S 1000 is how slow it
LOADs and SAVEs, but I have gotten used to that.. The
occasional crash is my only problem, and I usually have a
way around that by just "warming" it up before I load my
program
I use all 6 volt 4PDT DC relays for that bank of 1 5
relays that are directly controlled by the I/O board and they
have their own powersupply. As I said before, the 15th
relay, on the left in that photo, switches between the two
groups of 7 The photodiodes that are used for the input, I
have put in one of those pill keeper containers that have 7
compartments. In each compartment I have one photodiode
(photoresistor), and one light bulb, either a 3, 6, or 12 volt
Christmas tree light that is hooked up to either a reed
(magnetic activated) switch with a separate power supply,
or off of the Lionel 027 3 rail track AC voltage
The small SPST relays on the I/O board I use to
control the 15 4PDT relays. The only problem with using
only one I/O board, (You can use up to 4 Byte-Back
boards) is that you can only control one group of relays at a
time, so you are limited. I would like to add another I/O
board, but I feel that my old T/S 1000, with the TI99/4A
keyboard, has a lot of hours on it. Take care,
Joe Rampolla
IfiAbed,
I had to pull the QXL card from my "main" computer
when I upgraded to WTN95 because the version of SMSQ
that I have is not fully compatible with it i.e., one has to
run the computer in DOS only mode.
By contrast, the QLAY emulator happily co-exists as
just another DOS program under WIN95
The _first_ QPC demo would not load on my system
.... I got a memory management "error" message
I downloaded the QPC2 demo a few weeks ago, and
tried to run it last week. I had trouble loading it because I
was trying to run it from the command line; but, Marcel
Kilgus (program author) indicated I should try to LOAD it
from the "run" lline .... that seemed to work. The first
impression is that SMSQ/E is WIN95 compatible.
I am loath to spend over $ 1 00 (closer to $ 1 50, 1 think)
to make my QXL card compatible with WIN95 by paying
for the upgraded OS.
I'm not sure if it was SMSQ/E and the QPC2 demo,
but my primary system (i.e., WIN95) seemed to become
unstable .... could have been what I was doing ....
The obvious advantage of QPC2 vs. QLAY is that the
user has access to the floppy and hard drives.
QPC2 appears to be fully incompatible with the
PSION programs (the word processor, spread sheet,
database, charting program) which came with the original
QL. This is NOT good as these remain a strong reason that
I use the QL. I'll have to investigate this further before
make more statements about the incompatibility.
I'll try to expand my investigation and then write a "first
impression" of QPC2 sometime in the next few weeks
Regarding the stock market, as I think I indicated, I'm
not looking for the real bear market to begin for quite a
while. I've certainly read enough reasons why it could start
at any time ... including next Spring . .. I just think it will
take longer for everything to fall into place.
There may be some residual Y2K problems which
From: MKandrac@aol.com
Is there any way to get parts or programs for the
Timex Sinclair 1000. Below is something about Mike;
Location: Kissimmee, FL yA -j\
Birthdate; April, 1967 Sex: Male " ^
Marital Status: Single Hobbies : Computers - 2 "
Computers. Pent. Occupation: A/C Installer
Personal Quote: if you fail try again and give second
chances.
Mike Kandrac
Mike, check out
http://members.aol.com/cluhbbsAsnug/ and look up
Jack Boatwright. -==GA TOR - =-
Hi Abed,
Don Lambert has now sent me all his TS equipment (I
paid the shipping costs and it was significantly over $300!).
Whew! I still must get everything organized.
Alvin Albrecht and I made some 2068 Spectrum ROM
boards this summer (Alvin did the design and had the
boards manufactured). I got the parts and have them nearly
complete but due to the other stuff I told you about have
had to put the finishing of them on hold for a while.. 1 still
need to solder a capacitor on some of the boards and finish
burning the EPROMs (I traded for the EPROMs with Don
Waiterman). I hope to get back to them in the very near
future.
Rod Gowen put me in contact with a nice gentleman
who wanted to sell his 2068 items (which I purchased).
Included were 2 LarKen interfaces. I am sending one of
them to Larry Kenny and the other one is available if
someone wants it. It won't be free, though. As I mentioned
I had to buy them I will include the manual and a few 5
1/4" disks with LarKen programs. Take care,
for Spectrum emulator cartridges, like the old OMNI-EMU,
Jack Boatwright
Sir Clive Back!
Sinclair Research, the company run by Sir Clive
Sinclair, has just released what they say is the words
smallest AM radio. Around the size of an acorn, the
Sinclair Z1 Micro AM Radio fits in the ear and will
tune the whole medium wave band, 530 - 1600 kHz.
Sir Clive said; "Developed primarily with news and
sports listeners in mind, it will enable you to listen to
your favorite station wherever you are and so
discreetly that even the person next to you will be
unaware that you are using it." The Z1 costs £9.95
including S&H and is available by mail order from:
Sinclair Research
Vector Services Div.
1 3 Denington Road
Wellingborough, Northants NN8 2RL, UK
Tel: 01933 279300. From ZX-Team
Hi Abed,
I made a comment to Alvin about people asking me
ZXir QLive Alive!
4
Winter 1999
etc. Alvin and I discussed it and I put out feelers to a few
people and the response was positive so Alvin designed a
board that will fit in the 2068 cartridge slot and had them
produced, I ordered the parts needed and have them nearly
all soldered, but still need to finish making the EPROM's
for them. We'll sell them for cost ($20-25).
Jack Boatwright
Sinclair E-Mail List
Anderson, Paul
p . ander son@prodigy . net
Anson, Gerald
jerrya@aztec.asu.edu
Barker Robin
robin@di-ren. demon, co . uk
Bennett, Dave
aoennett i U(a^aesupernet . net
Boatwright, Jack
jboatno4@outlawnet.com
rJoenm, Ai
Doenm(a^zipnnK.nei
Boenm, Bill
boehm@plh . af . mil
Burt, Richard
ajb@intranet . ca
C. A. 1. IS.
mtuuuz(fi^eptiz. eptiDaito . org
Castro Antonio
castrox@portoweb.com.br
Catotti, Christopher
kd4ace@compuserve.com
Chambers, George
gfchamb@pathcom. com
Collins, Bill
bcollins@home.ifx.net
Cottreii, Les
jacottre@gte.net
Cruz-Figueroa, Jaime
cruzfiguer@aol.com
Dansby, Andrew
adansby@atlantic.net
Davis, Frank
fdavis@iquest.net
Dunbar, Douglas
dldunbar@prodigy.net
Dunnet, Ron
ron@qubbesoft.freeserve.co.uk
England, William
wengland@iname.com !
Feng, Al
alfeng@juno.com
rink, Mike
domino.cubes@excelsior.net I
Fmk, IVlike
domino. cubes@pointblank. com
Firshman, Tony
tony@fir shman. demon, co .uk
Franke, John
j.m.franke@larc.nasa.gov
Ganger, Gary
gangerg@dma.org
Gilbert, Robert
weena@netzero . net
Gilbert, Robert
mcs rlg@hotmail.com
Gillespie, Doug
aa43 1 @cleveland . freenet . edu
Girnius, William
girnius w@bls.gov
Gowen, Rod
ej377@freenet.carleton.ca
Harbit, Ken
krh03 @cvip . fresno . com
Henderlight, Mike
mikehend@mi crosoft . com
Henn, Fred
oranur @juno . com
Humphreys, Rod
rodh@lightspeed.bc.ca
Hunkins, James
jdhunki@ibm. net
impellizern, John
j impeliizem@compu serve, com
Jaap, Matthias
matt hi as Jaap@hhs.hh.schule.de
Jonas, iviiKe
mjonas@Don.com
Jones, Dilwyn
oiiwyn.jones(«^Qj. sonnet, co. uk
Jones, Terry
tjones@iname. com
Kasza, John
kaz2@sprint.ca
Kaczor, Jon
75363. 1 127@compuserve.com
Kahale, Abed
akahale@compuserve. com
Kealy, Harriet Joan
hjkealy@admin. hilconet . com
Kenny, Larry
iarken@storm.ca
Kingsley, Ed
edk4@aol.com
Kondrac, Mike
mkandrac@aol.com
Konig, Urs
urs.koenig@agrodata.ch
KurtK7
kurtk7@aol.com
Kwitkowski, Phillip
kwit47@aol.com
Lancaster, Garry
dharkhig@delphi. com
Lanciault, Francois
francois. lanciault@energies alstom ca
Lassov, David
emanon@azstarnet.com
LaVerne, Melvin
mlaverne@u sit. net
Lebowitz, Dave
dkl@dpliv.com
Lessenberry, Gary
gl743@aol.com
Liebert-Adelt, Peter
p iieb ert@t-online. de
Malloy, Bob
74776.2342@compuserve.com
McBrine, William
wmcbrine@clark.net
McKelvey, William
mckelveyw@delphi. com
Merz, Jochen
jmerz@t-online. de
Merz, Jochen
jochenmerz@j-m-s.com
Miller, Seymour
seymii@delphi . com
Muth, Bob
bobkeeper 1 @aol. com
Norton, Gary
gnorton@world.std.com
Parrish, Gil
gil . parrish@abanet. org
Pashtoon, Nazir
nazirpashl.oon@ingram.micro.com
Paul Holmgren
paulholm@indy.net
Payne, Josh
joshpayne@bigfoot. com
Pazmino, John
iohn.pazmino@moondog.com
Perry, Luke
doidy34@yahoo.com !
Perry, Russ Jr
slapdash@enteract.com
Rampolla, Joe
j prampolla@blazenet . net
Rigter, Wilf
rigter@cafe.net
Rish John
74601 . 1 535@compuserve.com
Shepard, Jay
jshepard@netins.net
Simon, Thomas
73177.333@compuserve.com
Skapinski, Tom
tskapins@}uno . com
Smith, Dennis
denny.smith@juno.com
Solly, David
ac3 55@freenet. carleton. ca
Stegman, Dan
danesteg@juno. com
Swenson, Tim
swensontc@geocities. com
Swenson, Tim
swensont@ sirclive.csd.sgi.com
Swentko, Wally
wswentko@maroon.tc.umn.edu j
Swoger, Robert
ceng 1 08@email . mot . com
Taylor, Jeff
jetaylor@mdrobotics.ca
Thoresen, Jeff
74200.257@compuserve.com
Waldman, Stephen
brogine@hotmail. com
Walterman, Don
walterm@ix. netcom. com
Watson, Keith
keith watson@juno.com
Wood, Roy
qbranch@qbranch.demon.co.uk
Zimmerman, George
gzimmer928@aol.com
A visit to Lmtvj Kevmvf's P^5c
Wood Working Sign-making & Manufacturing
LarKen Automation is a manufacturer of computerized three
manufacturing needs. LarKen routers are engineered for accuracy,
performance and long life.
We have 3 models of industrial CNC routers, ail featuring
heavy steel frames with under-table rack and pinion drive, cross-
shaft for high rigidity and balanced drive. Other features are cast
aluminum side gantry supports and an extra wide gantry to allow 2
heads to cut full table width. These routers have 6" of Z axis
clearance with 7" of travel Our powerful 3 axis controller with
oversized motors give fast performance.
We also manufacture 2 sizes of very affordable routing
systems called the CAM-TOOL series They are ideal for industrial,
home and educational applications, and are very solid and
accurate. Our 3 axis micro-step drive provides smooth reliable
ZXir QLive Alive!
5
Winter 1999
positioning. Two sizes are available: the Cam-tool 2424R with 24"
x 24" x 4" xyz travel and the Cam-tool 4040R with 40" x 40" x 5"
of xyz travel, They are also available with 8" of Z axis travel
Lark's L-CAM software is included with the router
systems. This deluxe Turn-Key control system and allows user-
friendly control of the router table and has numerous features such
as graphic display of 3D tool-paths, importing and editing of
HPGL DXF and 3d GCODE formats, tool offset and tool fills, and
basic drawing commands. You can stop the router at any time and
go forward or backward any number of contours, automatic multi-
pass, and smooth vector look ahead motion control Other Stuff :
Routing and Sign Sample pictures
Spindle options Router Accessories
LarKen Sign-Surf 3D ... 3D Sign Modeling for Windows
Maxx-3D 60" x 100" x 36" XYZ Modeling System
Educational Router packages
Software Driver Download page
LARKEN AUTOMATION
3205 Swansea Cr. Unit 16
Ottawa, Ontario
Canada K1G-3W5
(613)-738-0998 Fax (6 13)-73 8-9407
www. larkencnc. com
For a price quote or more information please leave an e-mail
message with your address and phone number.
<tarken@storm.ca>
4515 5TH STREET NW
ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87107
I did send the LarKen interface from Don Lambert to
Larry Kenny, He has not indicated that it has arrived, but it
should have been there last week.. Take care,
Jack Boatwright
I use the T/S 1000 to control 15 single pole, double-
throw relays to automate my layout The eight outputs and
eight inputs of the I/O board aren't enough, but I have some
things wired in combinations so I get more usefulness in
what they used to call "relay logic". I use the 15th relay to
switch between 2 "banks" of 7 relays.
The eight inputs are essentially "track sensors." 8
photodiodes are hooked up to the Byte-Back's I/O board,
and a small light bulb will light and affect the photodiode
(like an electric eye), controlled by a magnetic switch in the
track, or by grounding an insulated rail, telling the T/S
where a train is. The rest is just program instructions in T/S
BASIC. POKEs tell the I/O (input/out) board what relay(s)
to turn on or off, and PEEKs are how the computer knows
where the trains or automobiles are. The rest is just simple
program lines.
The only problem I had was the speed of the T/S 1000
unpacking the input information. So I remembered
something from an old computer class and got it down to
one line of T/S BASIC. But I haven't done the best
version of the program yet since the train equipment I add
means new program lines and changes, and that's work
with the de-bugging and timing issues. I use a lot of
PAUSES. Also, I run the old T/S 1000 in slow mode only
since 1 don't know if the I/O board can work with the fast
mode, and then my timing is different since I seem to
remember that PAUSEs are shorter in the fast mode.
Joe Rampolla
Does there exist a schematic for the T/S 1000? If so
could you please let me know where I could get a copy.
Thank you, Douglas Dunbar
dldunbar@prodigy . net
attch. <zx81.jpg> I will mail you a copy if you give me
your mailing address.
DOUGLAS L. DUNBAR
dear friends (as received)
I was very happy when I received the diskette contends the
emulator ts-1000 ha more than 4 years I tried to discover
some program that is rotated my old scrpts in basicc
Sinclair, the progr am of the emulator is really very good.
I am including a small contribution. It is a file of the word
that can be printed paper it will help the users to visualize
the keyboard of the ts-1000 better,
here in Brazil the ts-1000 called her TK-85 it is it was a
success at that time (1982) it was my first contact with the
world of the computer science and never more I forgot
those nights wakened up to type lines and more lines of
programs, and in the morning it didn't get to save anything
in the cassette, but everything well began to type again,
today it seems funny when he/she doesn't get lost anything
else in a PC, but on those crazy initial years, when we got
to save something and later to read again was she he/she
glories:-))
thank you very much for the program and he/she would like
to know I should be paid something for you register it, a
great hug for everybody
Antonio Castro
rua Anita Garibaldi 336/405
Porto Alegre - RS
Brazil Zip 90450-000
castrox@.portoweb . com.br
Dear friend, (edited version)
I was very happy when I received the TS-1000
emulator diskette For 4 years I have been looking for a
program that will read my old BASIC programs The
emulator works really good.
I am including a small contribution. It is a Word file
that can be printed in the newsletter, it will help the users to
visualize the keyboar d of the TS-1000 better .
Here in Brazil the TS-1000 is called TK-85 it was a
success at that time (1982). It was my first contact with the
world of the computer science and never forgot those nights
I typed lines and more lines of programs, and in the
morning I wasn't able SAVE anything on the cassette, but I
started to type again
Today it seems funny we don't get to loose anything
in a PC, but on those crazy initial years, when we got to
SAVE something and later read it, was glorious:-))
Thank you very much for the program and we would
like to know if I should pay something for mail it, a great
hug for everybody. Antonio Castro
Mr. Swoger
Please accept my $12 check for membership in
Timex/Sinclair users Club. I am excited to find the web site.
I am a NASA PR person and software engineer at the
Cernan Space Center of Triton College in River Grove IL.
My wife & I would like to participate in your club &
Parties. Looking forward to receiving the newsletter! Here
are some numbers for you. Thanks, Dean
Dean B Mikolajczyk
4714 Arbor Drive #207
ZXir QLive Alive!
6
Winter 1999
Rolling Meadows IL 60008
deanm.97493 @aol. com
Hi Abed,
Jack and I have put together Spectrum emulator
cartridges for the TS2068 so that won't be of any help to
Don (I read that he gave his 2068 away).
But there are two good TS2068 emulators available:
Multimachine (Windows) and Warajevo (DOS). The latter
is better for programmers since it has a monitor/
disassembler built in but if he doesn't use that,
Multimachine is probably a better choice. Both are
available from WOS.
I might as well tell you my new address while I have
your attention :-).. I did get the latest issue of ZQA (it was
forwarded to me), but in future you should use:
Alvin Albrecht
1532 W 57th Ave
Vancouver, BC
Canada V6P 1T2
Hi Abed,
I sent the money to Don in installments as boxes were
shipped. The money came out of my pocket I offered to
pay shipping and he accepted. At the time neither of us
thought it would cost that much, but spread over a few
months it wasn't too draining on finances.
I am not concerned with the cost. What I really need
to do is get it all organized and a list to you with what is
available. Some of it I will keep in my collection, but most
of it is available .
I appreciate your concern,
Jack Boatwright
Joan
Received your modem, assume it's a donation to the
RMG/TSNUG project T/S surplus growing here at the
farm. It arrived in great shape, will add it to the list.
Amazing, isn't it that it was worth what a full-blown 56K
PC modem now sells for Be of good health,
J. Shepard
I sent Boatwright a Wickes ball today and have
already packaged up a joystick for mailing on Monday.
Shepard received the modem I sent him and said it arrived
in fine condition. He reminded me that it cost more than
the fastest modem today—yeah, but only paid $100 for my
TS2068, not over a thousand dollars; most things for
TS2068 were so cheap and so far ahead of the Apple II
contemporary to it Boatwright offered to pay shipping on
my stuff too but I had already told him absolutely not. I do
not think he should be paying that at all out of his pocket.
He said he was only 52 years old— just a puppy.
Joan Keaiy
It is called window Print 2000
I think there was a Spectrum version but I am looking
for the TS-2068 version ... on tape is possible ... I don't
know the publisher off hand but zebra Systems used to sell
it.
Maybe one of your users has it? Also please send me
your US Mail address so I can get back on he active
Subscriber list for that newsletter you publish ... also ... in
this day of online stuff ... would you happen to know if the
"newsletter" is in WEB format ??
Thanks ... wishing to hear from you soon ... also
please CC the info to this address because sometimes this
one here on hotmail doesn't work.
Robert Gilbert
12A Nathan Rd
Waltham MA 02154
weena@netzero.net mcs rlg@hotmail.com
This program :
10 POKE 22528+RND*767, RND*255
20 GOTO 10
shows less non-random behavior than the original two-line
programs of last issue's letter. Besides, the 2068
accommodates 8-bit numbers (less than 256 !)_
Also, isn't there an (unseen) column 33 in every display
line for the 2068 ?
It holds the NEXTLINE character, or something like that .
So, the cyclic nature of the previous displays are
explained, either by the EOL character, or the extra range of
attribute values (from 128 to 255,) or both !
KEEP ON TIMEX'n
David E. Lassov
2590 N. Jordan DR
Tucson AZ 85745-1 132
Dear Abed,
This is not a T/S computer by far. I have read at
Compaq's manual, the version of Microsoft Win 98 and a
book I picked up at an outlet mall before I even knew what
I was going to buy That book is The Complete Idiots Guide
To Windows 98 By trying to read in each book and doing a
little mental translation I have learned a little. Currently the
learning curve is flat and some day 1 will start to really
learn and then I will be more into the PC computing
The computer is a Compaq 5715 which I bought at
Sam's Club The processor is a Celeron 466 and came with
64 MB memory, 32X CD-ROM drive, 2 GB hard drive, 100
MB Omega zip drive built in, 56K V.90 modem, 128K L2
pipeline burst cache. Compaq internet keyboard, Compaq
wheel mouse and JBL powered speakers To that I have
added a Lexmark Zl 1 color printer
(You've got a real good system)
You don't just bring it home and plug it in, there are such
things as extras that you forgot or didn't think of I have made
several trips on foot to Staples (about six blocks away) for this or
that doodad that I needed. At least they are cheaper than Radio
Shack if they have the item. Masako is fretful and asks "now what
are you going to buy?"
Well, I am in WordPad but I can't get the printer to print any
other fonts or type size but this. This is the default and I haven't
found the way to override the default. This morning I installed a
surge protector and lightning protection for both the power and the
telephone line. I neatened up the maze of cables with a spiral deal
for that purpose. Beyond that I used regular string to tie the cables
together Now it doesn't look like an electrician's nightmare
I would use Word but I don't have a manual. Sam's Club has
a manual rather Word For Dummies but I just didn't see spending
mat much at that time. I went to the Book Barn which is a place
two sell and buy used books and found a book for $5.00 that I
thought would help me but! it is for programming Word not to
help use it. The book is Word Developer's Kit and runs to a
thousand pages. Guess I could leave it on my book shelf to
impress people. I will check the local library and maybe they have
a copy. If not I can always buy a copy of Words For Dummies or
an Idiot's Guide To Word.
This keyboard has a lot of doodads that I am not sure of
what they are for After I use all the dedicated keys maybe it will
make sense to me. Just like the mouse - it has a wheel on the top
ZXir QLive Alive!
7
Winter 1999
but so far I have not seen using it affect anything. I just tried it and
it seems to jump a page of text or a window of text . I guess it is a
try it you might like it. I really miss the 2068
Is there a T/S 2068 emulator and programs on
CD-ROM? If so, who has it and how much is it? I have
some Spectrum stuff on CD-ROM but have not taken time
to try to LOAD it. I guess with 12 GIG hard drive I am able
to have a lot of stuff there If that fills up I can put on either
a bigger hard drive or else put on another hard drive. If I
ever open the case I will want to install more memory.
Take care and I will be around for a while yet, or so I plan.
Sinclairly your s, Don Lambert
Abed
Joan (Keaiy) has sent a joystick, trackball and some
Byte Power tapes. I offered to pay the shipping costs for
whatever she sends, but she emphatically let me know that I
am not to reimburse her.
Jack Boatw right
Abed,
Since we last were in touch I have moved twice and
have been busy at work. I am looking forward to receiving
the Newsletter and being kept informed of what is
happening in the T/S community
By the way, do you know if anyone in the community
is working on hardware for the TS-2068, specially a
floppy disk drive Interface
of some kind?
Luke Perry
3708 NE 109th Ave. 115
Vancouver, WA 98682
doidy 3 4@y ahoo . com
There are a LarKen and an Oliger disk drive
interfaces that maybe available from one of our
members,
Maybe you could do me a favor and add in the
newsletter that I am also looking for a
Microdrive system for the
TS-2068, 1 believe it was
made by A&J
I sure would appreciate it! I am looking forward to my first
copy of the newsletter. < Luke
Sid Shapiro wrote:
I don't know what T/S machine you have - Can you
tell me what color it is?
As for hooking one up to an IBM platform - no one
has felt the need to try that but many have passed files back
and forth. T/S2068*s and QL's can read IBM formated disks
and pass text files ok.
via oin-o +n x/icit mir at- members aol.com/clubbbs/tsnue
and members , aol.com/clubbbs/ catug
— = =GATOR==—
On the 2068 "system, my AUTOSTART disk drive has
a light, that goes ON, but nobody's home. So, I called
Computer Classics, as listed in the last issue of ZQA!
Dan's too busy as an electrician, or something, to
repair my DSDD drive.
He says, the ad is running without his authorization,
and that he cannot accept any repair jobs.
That leaves us with two problems : who is going to
perform the work for people, who call Dan; and, who can I
call to fix my 5.25" drive ?
David E. Lassov
He could have told me not to run the ad.
Dear Abed,
I received your card Saturday and I have looked for
the card from the disk drive repair service but for the life of
me I can't find it. I know that I did not throw it away but
just where did I put it? BUT! it seems that I did write
something in ZQA about using the service and gave the
name and address. I did not keep the back issues of ZQA
when I moved
However, I can say that even without a repair service
that Lassov is not without a working drive. I did move four
drives with me for some reason which I now know that
have no use for me So if Lassov will pay shipping I will
send them off to him I have four drives in a wooden case
that I made I can send the whole deal which is a heavy deal
or I can just send the one or two that he wants The drives
are a 40 track DSDD full height drive, a half height 40 track
DSDD drive, a half height 80 track DSQD drive and a 3.5
80 track DSQD (or 720K) drive I presume that he needs
the drives for his T/S 2068 LarKen, these were working
before I moved with the Oliger/LarKen disk interfaces I
have not tested them since I moved since I did not have an
interface or computer to test them on. According to my note
on the address card he has an 80 track 5.25" and a 3 .5"
drive but that was back then.
Donald Lambert
Regarding my "AUTOSTART drive, a DSDD where
the light goes on when selected, but nothing happens, I have
searched ZQA for all of Don Lambert's contributions from
Spring 1977 on. Can't find any reference to disc repair, or
anything even close ! Also emailed George Chambers and
Keith Watson, all to no avail !
So, would you please place an announcement in the
next issue, as to whether or not there be any suppliers or
repair facilities, willing to accept the challenge of
restarting the above disc drive, which is series-
connected to three other drives ?
David E. Lassov Sysop,
SOL BBS @ 520-882-0388 (data )
520-882-3972 (voice)
emanon@azstarnet.com (email)
2590 N Jordan DR
Tucson AZ 85745-1132
From: GZimmer928@aol.com
To: SPDCommish@aol.com CC: cyherre@juno.com
Hi Bob:
My wife answered your e-mail this morning. I mailed
Cy Herre a map on how to get to my house to look over the
Sinclair computer equipment. It seems like he cooled off
since he hasn't responded.
It includes eight(8) cassette' s-word processor, portfolio,
business graphics, database, abacus-ss and typing tutor;
computer; monitor and printer with two new printer ribbons
plus the manuals and two (2) blank cassette's.
George Zimmerman
From: "John Kasza" <kaz2@sprint.ca>
To: <akahale@compuserve.com> Date: Mon, 29 Nov 1999
I have a Timex Sinclair with ail the memory etc. is
ZXir QLive Alive!
8
Winter 1999
it worth anything even to a collector just to get it out
of my basement and into someone else hand that
would appreciate it would be more that enough.
John Kasza
/ am sure that someone would love to provide
a home for it Can you provide your snail Mail
address?
Would you please mention that I am looking for &
TS-ISIO Cartricis® iPte^er
for the 1000/1500. I have a couple of the cartridges
but can't play them. I would buy or trade for one.
The TS-1510 is a module that plugs onto the back
of the 1000 or 1500 and allows you to play any of the 4
cartridges that Timex made for those computers. As I
mentioned, I have a couple of the cartridges but I can't
use them without the 1510. R came out at the same time
as the 1500, 2020, 2040, 2050, 2068, & 2090, just before
Timex stopped the computer division. I suspect that
there were not very many of them and that they are all
broken or thrown away by now.
Jack Boatwright
67325 Fryrear Rd.
Bend, OR 97701
< jboatno4@outlawnet. com >
Dave,
Just got a post card from Donald Lambert,
Here is what it says:
1SR The Disk Drive Specialists 800 458-6778
Call for shipping number
Infinite Service & Repair
2217 Downing Ln.
Leander TX 78641
5J2.259-3444
Thanks a lot, Abed, and don't forget to thank Don, also. !
! KEEP ON TIMEX'n
Dave Lassov
Bob,
When Don moved from Auburn, Indiana he gave
me his forwarding address to send him a CD of Z88
programs that had gotten vastly delayed. I now have
them, as well as (1) a new 1999 Spectrum CD that you
have never seen (it even has Spectrum 128K emulators
with it) (2) Atari 2600 CD with very good emulator and
500 classic 2600 games,
I lost Dons address, so can you provide it for me?
Thanks,
Frank Davis
Hi Abed,
s „lv orrf r\r\ irrt<*rr\t*+ <2rw*rif Virvitrc trvtna +r% not-
on and finally learned that I could only use a seven digit
telephone number. I thought the local connection was
very busy. Have already received an email so I know the
service is working now. I am now in the learning curve
to get into the mysteries of the internet.
Don Lambert
dslambert@compaq.net
Abed,
The RAM and ROM are presently mapped into the
dock space using the RGSCS from the 2068 connector (I
have not been able to find a source to tell me how to use
the bank selection logic in the 2068 CPLD). At any rate,
I am presently fixing the self-inflicted wounds caused by
wiring errors (yes, it's point-to-point hand wired
[weird?]) and design errors. I should have the hardware
wrung out by the first of the year. It will take this long
because I am doing this in my "spare" spare time.
Would the T/SNUG be interested in some written
information on this project. I can submit it in PDF
format. I can include schematics and a description of the
design and updates as available on the drivers.
I am also in the process of disassembling and
commenting the system ROMs for the 2068. Is there a
source of commented code out there? I have the
Spectrum disassembly, but there are enough differences
(and the comments are in German) that it is more trouble
than it is worth. I am using Ian Logan's disassembly of
the ZX-81 as a guide.
Jeff Burrell
JBurrell@endocardial.com
Contributions are most welcomed.
I thought you might be interested in this item, that I
found in a newsletter that I receive. I've never seen the
Spectrum 128K computer up close. Fred Henn,
mentioned that I should pass this along to you, for any
members of T/SNUG who would be interested in the
Spectrum 128 computer. Thanks!
Dane Stegman
4 FftJWCdHSS
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ZXirQLive Alive!
9
Winter 1999
From The Chairman's Disk Q
Donald S. Lambert
■ finally learned enough about ray new PC bought in
September. I bought a Compaq Presario 5715 which
has a 13 Gig hard-drive, ZIP drive and the usual other
enhancements. A Lexmark Zll printer and a USB
Visioneer scanner filled out the list of extras mat I needed.
But I surely do miss the convenience of using the T/S 2068.
Now when I want to use a computer I turn it all on and wait
while the programs get loaded and go through the password
thing.
JHk new computer is like a new baby: When you bring
M K them home from the hospital or store is when you
d^Tmfind that you need this or that doodad to get going.
After I got it unboxed and put together, I found that 1 lacked
a mouse pad so off to Staples to get one. Staples is very
close to where we live; perhaps, less than a half mile. So I
walk over to the store.
To get the computer registered with Compaq I had to
do it by modem through a toll free number - the
computer knew the number 1 didn't - and I kept
getting a message "MODEM not turned on" After several
tries it dawned on me that maybe the cord that I had used
from computer to the telephone wall outlet was bad. I tested
it with a telephone and it was dead. Changed cords and it
worked the next time I fired up the computer. I will get on
the internet as soon as I get more comfortable with the
computer.
This is a new house and it takes a lot of extra time to
get things set up the way we like it. Trying to get
grass to grow is something else. I have to water
almost everyday since it has rained only four times since we
moved on the 27th of July. Here in Forsyth they put two
water meters on the new houses. One is the outside faucets
and the other is the normal water usage. That way you don't
pay sewer rate on the water you use to water the lawn. I
don't think mat the outside meter registers what we use for
the lawn since we pay the minimum rate for water for that
And all that takes time from my computing.
■ checked the D cells on the set of Renewal RAY-O-
VAC batteries that power the Z88 on turn off and I
cant d e tec t any voltage dbro^?^ I w o uld sgj£>_D cells is
suiueu
E:
1
the way to go except that they make a heavy addition to the
weight of the Z88 and are a bulky addition to the neatness
of the Z88. I will have to get back to using the 288 or
learning to use it i have the hardware and software to
upload/download to and from a PC so I need to try that out
sometime.
I ver since we moved to Indiana we have not had to
I changed the clocks for daylight savings time or back,
Ihere we had to. Yuck! I never realized that we had so
many clocks, watches or devices with clocks in them. Hie
Compaq computer had already made the change without
asking me but had a screen to ask if that was O.K. Just now
I realized that I have one more to change - the Z88. One
more besides that which is a sort of telephone number note
retainer which is a calculator sked gadget. Yesf I collect
junk and store giveaways.
I use Wordpad which is a simple wordprocessor mat is
part of Windows and is rather simple but can do a lot of
things. But! I do miss MSCRIPT probably since I used
it so many years. When 1 get better at this computer I will
move up to Word 6 which has more bells and whistles.
■ n the process of connecting up my computer, I had all
>3 those cords and cables so I used a spiral wraparound
S cable bundler. They are available at Radio Shack and
some discount lumber yards in the electrical area. I did end
up tying some together with cord string spaced about every
nine inches or so. I did make the cables look far more
neater. On the keyboard puHout shelf where I had the
mouse, I soon found that the weight of the cord would pull
the mouse to the back of the shelf. I fastened a wood spring
clothes pin the back edge of the shelf to grip the cord. That
works just fine and I also saw later a reference to tie the
free mouse cord to the keyboard cord. I pass along that
since I had a problem with the joystick cable back when I
had a joystick connected up to the T/S 2068 and the cord
seemed to get tangled easily. By fastening it that way would
have eliminated the problem. 0/0.
Changing the Permanent Screen Attributes
From Within a HiSoft Pascal® Program
_i _ a _ t n .. n n_ ,jn it
siriicie jwa rrogram ny uavia oouy
The ZX Spectrum and the Timex/Sinclair 2068 have
four screen attributes which are controlled in Sinclair basic
by the key words ink, paper, bright & flash. These
attributes can be either temporary — affecting only the
current text, or, they can be permanent — affecting the
entire screen.
The Turtle Graphics package, which is shipped with
HiSoft Pascal, provides the procedures inkQ and paperO
for changing tie temporary attributes. The permanent
screen attributes, however, are those that are in force when
your Pascal program starts. Should red ink on flashing,
bright magenta paper be the permanent attributes set when
your Pascal program is launched then thus they shall
remain until the program ends. . . until now.
PATTRIBUTESQ
A flexible HiSoft Pascal procedure for controlling the
permanent screen attributes.
ZXirQLive Alive?
10
Winter I999
Background Information
The system variable attr p, which controls the
permanent screen attributes, is located at memory address
23693d or #5C8D.i When the ZX Spectrum or the
Timex/Sinclair 2068 is first switched on, attr p is set to a
default value of #38, that is, black ink on white paper with
brightness and flashing switched off.
Hie eight bite of attr p are divided into three bits for
ink color, three for paper color, one for bright and one for
flash as shown in the table above.
ATTR P
#07
#06
#05
#04
#03
#02
#01
#00
Flash
Bright
Paper Color
Ink Color
Paper and ink values are determined according to the
Ink &. Paper Table. Hie value for flash is #40 and the
value for bright is #80. To use the chart, find the values
for the ink and paper you desire and add them together. If
flash or bright is desired then add its value to the sum
obtained for the ink and paper combination. For example:
If you poke attr p with #CD you will obtain cyan ink on
INK & PAPER TABLE
(Hexadecimal & Binary Values)
Color
Ink
Paper
Black
#00
000
#00
OOOxxx
Blue
#01
001
#08
OOlxxx
Red
#02
03 0
#10
OlOxxx
Magenta
#03
on
#18
Ollxxx
Green
#04
100
#20
lOOxxx
Cyan
#05
101
#28
lOlxxx
Yellow
#06
110
#30
llOxxx
White
#07
111
#38
lllxxx
flashing bright blue paper. To understand this a bit better,
let us look at #CD as a binary number.
When we analyze this, we discover that bits #07 and
#06, which control flash and bright, have both been set to 1
which means these attributes are active. Bits #03 to #05,
which control paper color, contain the binary value 001
which when multiplied by eight gives 001000 which
indicates blue paper. Bits #00 to #02 contain the binary
value 101 which indicates cyan ink. In all, there are 256
possible combinations of ink, paper, flash and bright.
The PATTRIBUTES0 Procedure
Now to show how this information is used within the
procedure pattributes0 which allows us to modify the
permanent screen attributes from within a Pascal program,
procedure pattribiites(ink, paper : integer;
bright, flash : boolean);
As expected, the procedure takes one argument for
each of the four permanent screen attributes. To recreate
ATTR P
Set To The Value #CD
#07
#06
#05
#04
#03
#02
#01
#00
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
Flash
Bright
Paper Color
Ink Color
fee set of attributes we have used above within a Pascal
program, we would call the procedure thus:
pattributes (5, 1, true, true);
The procedure takes the first value, 5, as the value for
the ink color. After checking that it is within die
acceptable range of 0 to 7, it saves it to the local variable
li, otherwise, the program is halted and a "Bad ink color"
message is displayed.
Next the procedure takes the second value, 1, which
is the value for the paper color. Here, however, if the
number is within range, it is then multiplied by eight to
bring it into the range of paper colors. The result is then
added to the local variable li which now contains the value
#0C which translates as cyan ink on blue paper.
The flash and bright attributes are handled by
variables of type boolean because they can only be turned
either on or off. In our example, they are both to be turned
on so the values passed are both "true". This cause #40
and #80 to be added to the local variable li. The total
value of li is now #CD.
Hie procedure has now completed the calculation
part of its task but before it can poke attr p with this new
value, it must first be converted from two byte variable to
a one byte variable. If this were not done then the value of
mask p, which is the next system variable, would also be
changed causing unpredictable results.
lpatts : - chr(li);
With the above command, the procedure transfers
the value contained in the two byte integer type variable li
to the one byte character type variable lpatts. Now the
procedure can safely execute the command:
poke(attrp, lpatts);
The last step is to execute the command
inline (#CD, #AF, #0D) ;
which calls the ZX Spectrum rom routine cl_ali that clears
the screen and activates the new permanent attributes 2.
The Source Code & Demo
PROGRAM PERMATTS;
{
Pascal Program,
and 51 column modes
Spectrum specific
This is a HiSoft
Works in both 3 1
Contains some ZX
inline code.
Purpose:
A flexible procedure for changing
the permanent
screen attributes.
History:
Program by David Solly
Ottawa, ON, Canada
September 11, 1999
}
VAR
BACKGROUND, FOREGROUND : INTEGER;
ZXnQLiveAJivei
11
Winter 1999
BLINK, HI : BOOLEAN;
ANS : CHAR;
PROCEDURE PATTRIBUTES (
INK, PAPER : INTEGER;
BRIGHT, FLASH : BOOLEAN) ;
CONST
ATTRP = #5C8D;
VAR
LPATTS : CHAR;
LI : INTEGER;
BEGIN
IF (INK IN [0.-7]) THEM
LI ;= INK
ELSE
BEGIN
WRITELN;
WRITELN ( 'Bad ink color')
HALT
END;
[0..7]) THEN
(PAPER * 8)
IF (PAPER IN
LI := LI +
ELSE
BEGIN
WRITELN;
WRITELN ('Bad paper color');
HALT
END;
{Switch on the FLASH and BRIGHT
attributes if requested}
IF FLASH = TRUE THEN
LI := LI ¥ #80;
IF BRIGHT = TRUE THEN
LI := LI + #40;
{Convert from an integer value, (2
bytes) to a character value,
(1 byte)}
LPATTS := CHR(LI);
POKE (ATTRP, LPATTS) ;
{The following inline code is
ZX Spectrum specific.
It is a call to the CL ALL ROM
routine which clears the screen and
initiates the new attributes.
For the Timex/ Sine lair 2068 use:
#CD, #EA, #08.}
INLINE (#CD, #AF, #0D) ;
END;
BEGIN {MAIN PROGRAM}
PAGE ;
WRITE ( ' PERMANENT ATTRIBUTES TEST ' ) ;
WRITELN;
WRITELN;
WRITELN;
WRITE ('INK? > ' ) ;
READLN;
READ (FOREGROUND) ;
WRITE ( ' PAPER? > ');
READLN;
READ (BACKGROUND) ;
WRITE ( 'BRIGHT? > ') ;
READLN;
READ (ANS) ;
IF ANS = ' Y' THEN
HI := TRUE
ELSE
HI := FALSE;
WRITE ('FLASH? > V) ;
READLN;
READ (ANS) ;
IF ANS = ' Y ' THEN
BLINK := TRUE
ELSE
BLINK := FALSE;
PAGE;
PATTRIBUTES (FOREGROUND, BACKGROUND, HI,
BLINK) ;
WRITELN;
WRITELN;
WRITELN ( ' THIS HAS BEEN A TEST OF THE
PATTRIBUTES PROCEDURE ' ) ;
WRITELN;
WRITELN;
END
l" Hexadecimal notation is used in HiSoft Pascal to
prevent "2's compliment" errors when addressing or
modifying system variables. HiSoft Pascal uses the hash
mark (#) in front of numbers to indicate hexadecimal.
2 The code contained within the inline procedure in
this command is ZX Spectrum ROM specific. For the
Timex/Sinciair use: INLINE(#CD, #EA, #08); instead.
Z80 Workshop
Chapter One
The Microcomputer
1,1 Introduction
A computer based on the Z-80 operates in the same
manner as any other machine be it micro, mmi or
mainframe. Before we can discuss the Z-80 and its use in
any detail, it is first necessary to describe the operation of
a typical microcomputer. This will serve to define the
terms used in the rest of the book, and place the Z-80 in its
role as tile central processor of a powerful, but
conventional computer.
JfUtruetjora
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out
1.2 Computer Architecture
All computers can be represented by the block
ZXir QLive Alive?
12
Winter 1999
diagram of Figll, and can be considered as manipulators
of data. The actual form of the data will depend on the
application. In commercial computing the data wiii be
VAT returns, sales figures, bank accounts and similar
information. In industrial control, the data will be plant
sensors and actuators. In a computer game the data will be
the players hand controls and the video display. The data
can be split into input data, which is to be processed, and
the output data, which is the result of the processing. To
produce the output data, the computer follows a set of
procedures, called instructions, which define the
operations that are to be performed on the input data.
The computer can be represented in more detail by
Fig. 1.2, and can be considered to consist of three basic
units, a store, an input/output unit and a central processor
unit, all interconnected by a common highway. The input
and output unit obviously receives and transmits data from
and to the outside world.
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Fig. i.2 ittrsk components of a contpuur
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mhwh*
I/O
The store is used to hold instructions and data. The central
processor unit controls the operation of the machine, and
performs the logic and arithmetic operations required by
the instructions.
The store is used to hold the instructions and
temporary data in the form of numbers. It can best be
considered as an array of pigeon holes, each of which can
hold one number called (rather confusingly) a Word. Each
pigeon hole is known as a store location, and has a unique
address (similar to a house address) by which it can be
identified. We can thus say, for example, "store location
3220 contains 127". This means that the pigeon hole
whose address is 3220 1ms the number 127 stored in it.
A typical microcomputer will have over 16000 store
locations (although small machines may have less than
1000). All common microprocessors deal basically with 8
bit numbers, often called Bytes. The numbers stored will
therefore be in the range 0 to 255. As will be seen later,
this is not the restriction that it might at first appear.
1.3 The Store
The store is used to hold the instructions and
temporary data in the form of numbers. It can best be
considered as an array of pigeon holes, each of which can
hold one number called (rather confusingly) a Word. Each
pigeon hole is known as a store location, and has a unique
address (similar to a house address) by which it can be
identified. We can thus say, for example, "store location
3220 contains 127". This means that the pigeon hole
whose address is 3220 has the number 127 stored in it.
A typical microcomputer will have over 16000 store
locations (although small machines may have less than
1000). All common microprocessors deal basically with 8
bit numbers, often called Bytes. The numbers stored will
therefore be in the range 0 to 255. As will be seen later,
this is not the restriction that it might at first appear.
The store does not differentiate between instructions
and data; both are held in exactly the same form. The
central processor -unit determines whether the number in a
particular store location is considered to be an instruction
or data.
The store connects to the rest of the computer in a
manner similar to Fig. 1.3. The three groups of signals are
known as the address bus, the data bus and the control bus.
(The term bus is short for busbar, sometimes the term
highway is used.)
To rmt
Fig. 1.3 Store connections
J
The address bus is used by the central processor to
identify which store address is to be accessed. Usually, up
to 65,536 (called 64K) locations can be used with a
microprocessor, necessitating a 16 bit address bus.
The data bus is used to transfer data and instruction
between the store and the central processor unit.
Movement can take place from store to CPU, or CPU to
store, so the data bus is bi-directionai. Ail common
microprocessors use an 8 bit data bus.
The control bus contains the timing signals to
sequence the movement of data or instructions. In the
majority of systems there are basically two signals. A
read/write line is used to indicate if a number is to be
loaded into or read from, the addressed location, and a
strobe signal indicates when the number on the data bus is
valid We. the transients due to different propagation
delays, reflections etc. have died away). Different
microprocessors use slightly different signals.
Fig. 1.4a summarizes the signals used to write a store
location, and Fig. 1 .4b the signals used to read from a store
location.
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9
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gjj Typted read sigotis
1.4 Aidms St <teta tntt tmtngf * stgneii,
When a number is written to a store location, the
previous contents are obviously overwritten. When a
ZXir QLive Alive!
13
Winter 1999
number is read from a store location, the store location
contents are unaltered; the number put onto tie data bus is
merely a COPY of the store contents.
The store in Fig. 1.3 is known as a RAM or Random
Access Memory. This is a term that causes some
confusion, but simply means that each store location can
be accessed in exactly the same time. Bulk storage devices,
such as tapes and discs, have a variable access time which
depends on where the information is stored and where the
tape or disc currently is when the information is needed .
Another form of storage commonly encountered is a
ROM, for Read Only Memory. This is a conventional store
whose contents are fixed and cannot be altered by the
computer. Usually a ROM is used to hold a fixed program
(such as the BASIC interpreter or an Assembler as
described later). To the central processor, a ROM behaves
in exactly the same manner as the rest of the store.
1.4 The Central Processor Unit (or CPU)
The computer follows instructions held in the store
(in the form of numbers), Normally, instructions are held
in sequential store locations. To obey an instruction we
must go through the following steps:
i Address the store to get the next instruction,
ii. Decode the instruction to decide what needs to be done
ill. Obey the instruction. This will usually involve the store
again to read, or write, data and will often require simple
arithmetic operations.
iv. Decide where the next instruction is held in the store,
and go back to step 1 .
Most instructions therefore require two operations on
the store; the first to read the instruction, the second to
read the data to be used or write a result back to the store.
Sometimes the operations above are referred to as three
steps :
Fetch cycle (instruction is fetched, steps i and ii)
Execute cycle (instruction is obeyed, step iii)
Reset cycle (the internal logic is reset for the next
instruction, step iv)
The FER sequence has been called the heartbeat of a
computer.
The component parts of a central processor unit are
shown on Fig. 1.5. For simplification, internal connections
are omitted.
mix iALUt
fig. 1.5 Components of a CW
The program counter (PC, also known as an
instruction counter, IC) holds the address of the current
instruction. Because most microcomputers can address up
to 64K, the PC will usually be a 16 bit register. With the
exception of JUMP instructions (the machine code
equivalent of a BASIC GOTO instruction), the program
will be held in sequential store locations. This means that
the PC can literally be a counter which is pulsed by the
control logic at step iv above.
In addition to the storage provided by the RAM, last
storage (for temporary scribbling pad purposes) is
provided by registers in the CPU. These can hold one
number to the same word length as the store {8 bits for all
common micros). Some microprocessors (such as the
6502) have only one register, whereas some (such as the
Z-80) have as many as sixteen. Fig. 1.5 shows four
registers for illustrative purposes. The use of registers will
be described later.
Associated with the registers is the Arithmetic and
Logic Unit (or ALU). There are actually very few machine
code instructions', as we shall see later, most are variations
on:
Fetch a number from a store location (or input port) to a
register.
Write a number to a store location (or output port) from a
register.
Add for subtract) a number from a store location to a
register, result to a register.
The ALU performs the arithmetical operations (and
some logical operations such as AND, OR) required by the
instructions.
Finally, we have the block labeled control/timing
logic, This contains the logic to decode the instructions
and sequence the steps i to iv above. This involves
selecting routes between the store, the ALU, the registers
and the highways. The control/timing logic is usually the
most complex part of a computer.
Associated with the control logic is a simple clock
oscillator which provides the basic timing pulses, Usually
this is a crystal oscillator in the range I to 4 MHz.
A microprocessor is often thought of as a computer,
but is, in fact, simply the CPU of a computer. A
microprocessor contains the elements of Fig 1.5, but needs
external RAM/ROM and Input/Output equipment to be
useful.
1.5 Input And Output
A computer connects to a variety of I/O equipment,
printers, keyboards, VDUs, cassette recorders etc These
connect to the computer highway as shown on Fig. 1,6,
Each 1/0 device is identified by an address. I/O addresses
are commonly known as 'Ports', so we could iiave, say, a
printer connected to Port 3 and a keyboard to Port 5.
11
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Data is transferred to and from an 1/0 port via the
highway. The port address is placed on the address
highway, the read/write control line used to identity the
direction of the transfer, and the I/O control line used to
signify that the address is a port address, not a store
address. Data transfer then takes place via the data
ZXirQLive Alive!
14
Winter 1999
highway. Some microprocessors (such as the 6800) do not
have an I/O control line and literally deal with I/O
addresses in the same ways and with the same instructions,
as store addresses. With these microprocessors a store and
a port cannot have the same address.
Most microprocessors allow data to be transferred
between I/O ports and registers or between I/O ports and
store locations we shall discuss later the techniques used to
resolve the vast difference in speed between slow speed
devices (such as printers) and the computer itself.
1.6 Instructions And Programs
As anyone who has written a program in BASIC will
know, a computer simply obeys a sequence of instructions
called a program. In a high level language such as BASIC
or PASCAL, these instructions are written in 'English', A
computer actually obeys instructions represented by
numbers called a machine code program. When a high
level program is obeyed, a special program built into the
computer (called a compiler or an interpreter) converts the
high level language program to an equivalent machine
code program. This action is invisible to the high level
language user.
A machine code instruction must specify:
i. What is to be done (e.g. Add, fetch data, store data, etc)
It. Where the data is to be found, and where the result is to
be placed (e.g. "Fetch the data from store location 2000 to
Register B", or "Add the data in store location 1 575 to the
data in Register A putting the result in Register A").
In following chapters we will see how these ideas are
actually specified given the limitations of an 8 bit word
There are actually a very limited set of instructions in a
computer, and most are variations on:
1.6.1 Fetch
"Fetch data from a specified store location (or
register) to a specified register".
1.6.2 Store
"Store data from a specified register to a specified
store location". Sometimes Fetch and Store are collectively
called "Moves" or "Loads".
1,63 Add
"Add data from a specified store location (or register)
to the data in another specified store location (or register)
the result to go to a specified store location (or register)".
Usually Adds take the simpler form, "Add data from
a specified store location to the data in register A. the
result to go to Register A" .
1.6.4 Subtract
As 1.6.3 but subtraction is performed. Note that
multiplication and division are not available on any
common microprocessor,
1.6.5 Logical
As 1.63, but logical operations such as AND, OR, NEV
are performed between (lie data.
1.6.6 Shifts
Data in a microprocessor is held as 8 bit binary
numbers. A shift instruction moves the data in a register
up, or down by one place. If we have the bit pattern
10110101, a simple shift up would produce 01101010, and
simple shift down would produce 010 11 010. A shift up
multiplies a number by two, a shift down divides by two.
As will be seen later, there are many variations on the shirr
instruction.
1.6,7 lumps
Normally, instructions are held in sequential store
locations. A Jump instruction is the machine code
equivalent of the BASIC GOTO, and specifies where the
next instruction is to be found (e g Jump to location 3220)
1,6,3 Conditional lump
A conditional jump teste the condition of a register,
the results of which determine if a jump instruction is to be
obeyed (e.g. Jump to 4057 if register A is zero). This is the
machine code equivalent to the BASIC IF condition THEN
GOTO (line number).
1,6.9 Subroutine Call and Return
Programmers in BASIC will be tamihar with the
concept of a subroutine with the GOSUB and RETURN
instructions. A subroutine allows apiece of program that is
used frequently to be written once and called when needed
by the rest of the program. This is best shown by Fig. 1 .7.
Machine code subroutine calls work in exactly the same
way, A subroutine call acts like a jump to the start of the
subroutine (e.g. Call 7087 would take us to the subroutine
starting at location 7087). A Return instruction is placed at
the end of the subroutine, to take us back to the location in
the main program immediately after the subroutine call.
Subroutines can call subroutines (called Nesting"}. A
Binary to BCD subroutine., for example, would need to use
multiplication and division subroutines. In most
microprocessors, conditional subroutine calls, and
conditional returns are provided as well as the simple call
and return described above.
Fig, t .7 The, use of sukrrmtme mUs
1.6.10 Input/Output instructions
Input/output instructions must specify the I/O port
address, the direction (in or out) and the source (or
destination) of the data (i.e. which register or which store
location).
1.6.11 Control Instructions
Most microprocessors have a small number of control
instructions such as STOP, Disable Interrupts and similar
operations. These do not involve data.
At first sight, the vast array of instructions available
on a microprocessor can be rather awe inspiring (the Z-80
has 158 different instruction types). Much of the inevitable
feeling of contusion can be assuaged by remembering that
most instructions are simple variations of the ten types
outlined above.
1.7 Why Machine Code?
Programming in BASIC is simple and
straightforward, so it is not unreasonable to ask why one
should bother with the trials, tribulations and complexity
ZXirQLiveAiivel
15
Winter 1999
of machine code programming. There are really three
reasons.
The first is that it is possible to perform operations in
machine code that are impossible (or difficult) to achieve
in BASIC Control of external items like a model railway
would be difficult in simple BASIC for example.
The second reason concerns speed. BASIC is
notoriously slow, and is quite unsuited to, say dynamic
video games. Machine code programs operate many times
faster than BASIC programs.
The final and most compelling, reason is that
machine code programming is an intellectual challenge
akin to chess or bridge. The mental exercise of
programming (in any form) is very addictive and this is
particularly true of machine code programs.
1.8 Machine Code And Assemblers
The instructions a computer actually obeys are held
in the form of binary numbers. To assist human beings to
read these numbers, it is usual to express them in Hex, so
1010 01 1 1 becomes A7 (see Appendix A).
A machine code program therefore looks something
like:
F5 C5 Do 64 3E Z0 D3 00 etc.
which is still fairly incomprehensible.
It is easier to follow a machine code program if simple
mnemonics are used to represent the instructions. The
actual mnemonics used on the Z-80 will be described later,
but in general they are simple to understand. A program
written in mnemonics is said to be written in Assembler
Language, and looks more understandable .
LDA 5 33
INC HL
JP NZ, LOOP
Each of these corresponds directly to a single
machine code instruction, LD A,33 for example, means put
the number 33 into register A.
The program written in Assembler Mnemonics is
converted to machine code by a program called (surprise,
surprise) an Assembler. The Assembler has editing
facilities similar to those found in BASIC and makes
machine code programming much less intiiriating. In later
chapters, examples of Assembler programs will be given.
Assemblers are not usually provided with computers, and
have to be purchased separately.
1.9 Further Reading
The description of computer architecture in this
chapter has, of necessity, been rather brief More detailed
discussions can be found in the following books also
published by Bernard Babani (publishing) Ltd:
Book No. BP72 - A Microprocessor Primer
Book No. BP78 - Practical Computer Experiments
Book No. BP66- Beginners Guide to Microprocessors
Book No. BP77— Elements of Electronics - Book 4
Microprocessing Systems and Circuits.
HJf if m C I SM' 35 SS : . m g 9 :■' (5 Q
Ml H _
Place your ads here, it is free!
Mail/E-mail to: A. Kahale
3343 s FLAT ROCK CT
SIERRA VISTA AZ 85650-6874
Please Inform and/or update the Editor of any changes In your ad/s
Home Electronics
Service
We have been a part of the Sinclair scene since 1 982, repairing
IX Specti ums for Sinclair Research in England.
We provide Sales, Service, and Software for the
QL, Spectrum, ZX-81 and Z88.
www.members.tripod. com/hes computing/hes 1 .html
E -Mail 7460 1 . 1 535@compuserve.com
Hours of Operation is Monday - Friday 1300 hrs. to 2100
hrs. central time zone.
Phone 210 861-4376
John R. Rish
Home Electronics Service
for the TS-2068
Disk Works
Expansion BOARD
2068 User Cartridge
Disk Boards "A" & W B M
2068 Parallel Printer Port
2068 EPROM Programmer
206S/SPECTRIJM Joystick Port
User Manual only : $5. 00 (Read before you buy)
If you srs
ha
5222 Kazan Dr.
San Antonio TX 78219
USA
mmmm
The John Oliger Co.
11601 Widbey Dr.
Cumberland IN 46229
The John Oliger Floppy Disk System
SPECTRUM for your
T i-i^W /vt-i T X? T' , V W \<2 ^imor rynA x%.
SPECTRUM programs on your system, we will supply a V2 EPROM,
socket and 74HCT32 for $12 which includes shipping and handling.
The installation instructions are in your LarKen manual. We shall not
be responsible for your install job. AERCO owners need only the
EPROM for $ 10 forwarded to LarKen.
Bob Swoger Address on p age 2
747 Jfifgifi ^imui&ttxT
So you like to fly, the 747 Flight Simulator for SPECTRUM by Derek
Ashton of DACC. Requires a SPECTRUM equipped 2068. Supplie
on LarKen SSDD or DSDD LarKen disk for $10 which goes to Derek
now working at Motorola with Bob,
Bob Swoger Address on page 2
ZXir QLive Alive!
16
Winter 1999
£2
QLAMBer $20
QLuMSi $20
SeekQL $10
Upgrades $5
914 Rio Vista Cir SW
Albuquerque NM 87105
(505 )843-8414
Make David an Offer
ZX-81/TS-1000 TS-2Q68 Hardware Kits
Real Time Clock i/O Controller RS-232
Centronics i/F 1 6K & 64K RAM 300 BAUD Modem
A-D Converter(assembied)
536 Long Ter
Leesville SC 29070
ZX-TEXT - Word Processor
ZX-CALC - Spread Sheet
Business Software
Cycle Accounting Financial Report Generator
ZX-CALENDAR - Time Management
ZX-81 TS-1000 TS-1500 TS-2068
Albert F. Rodriguez
A , F
S o f tws f n
1 605 Pennsylvania Ave 204
Miami Beach FL 33139
305 531-6464
ARCHIVE Based QL Software
QLerk - A compiete financial program for the QL
QLerk software (v3.21) with tutorial $29
QLerk manual S29
QLerk software & manna) $50
DBEasy - A menu based database system
DBEasy software (vl .6) $24
DBEasy upgrade from V1.5 $7
DBProgs - A toolkit of ARCHIVE procedures
DBProgs software (v1 .8) $1 8
DBProgs upgrade from VI ,7 $7
OSTutor - A general purpose teaming program
DBTutor software(v1 .5} $1 2
PC DBEasy - Just like QL DBEasy but, you must have
PC ARCHIVE to use St
PC DBEasy software (v1 .3) $ 1 2
Bill Cable
Wood & Wind Computing
RR3 Box 92
Cornish NH 03745 USA
Phone (603) 675-2218
810 254-9878
24 hours a day
300 to 28,800 bps
Supporting ail Sinclair and Timex users Fidonet
Echomaii arefor Sinclair computers. Lots of new files
for you to download such asTS-2068 emulator for
those 5 who use a PC give us a call and let us know
what you want to see. Message and fife areas.
QL International, Quanta, QL Hacker's Journal,
Spectrum/2068, ZX-81 /TS-1000, Z88, NetMail,
emulators, pointer, FDFormat for QXL/QDOS, etc.
Sysop John J Impellizzeri
Co-Sysop Don Walternian
Utica, Michigan, USA
D € im I in c € ui t) e s
Hardware & Software
352 7th Ave 15th Fir.
New York, NY 10001
Phone 212 631-7563
Fax 212 947-5069 Voice mail pager 91 7 490-8407
Domtno.cubes@exceisior. net
1^ 1
Tke Long
rn 9
131 g Newsletter
u
Robert Malloy, Treasurer
412 Pacific St
Massapequa Park, NY 1 1 752
Ed Kingsiey, Editor
16 Highland Avenue
Saugus MA 01906
(731) 23 3-3671 EdK4©aol.com
Hacker 3 s Journa
Supporting All QL Programmers
Timothy Swenson, Editor
2455 Medallion Dr,
Union City, CA 94587-1914
swensontc@geocities. com
http;//www. geocities. com/SiiconValiey/Pines/5865/
ZXir QLive Alive (
17
Winter I 999
Newsletter
The Capital Area T/S Users Group
Barry Washington
7044 Cindy Ln
Annandale VA 22003
301 589-7407
BBS 301 588-0579
Internet mfD00%@.epfl2.epflbaito.org
Chi
cag
o Area Times Users
Robert Swoger
613Parkside Cir
Streamwood IL 60107-1647
630 837-7957
CENG-1 08@eniaji.mot.com
roup
The Ram to
Newsletter
The Greater Cleveland T-S User Group
Thomas Simon Editor
615 School Ave
Cuyahoga Faiis OH 44221
E-Mail CIS 73177,333
Jon Kaczor Production
4568 Williamson Ave
Brooklyn oh 441 44
75363.112 7@compuserve.com
Peter Liebert-Adelt
luetzow str 3
D-38102 BRAUNSCHWEIG
GERMANY
Email: p.liebert@t-oniine.de
http://home.t-onIme.de/hom
Amateur Radio: DK4BF@DB0FC.#NDS.DEU.EU
The ZX Spectrum. 48/128 Emulator
for IBM 8l Compatibles: Z80 Version
Turn your PC into a real ZX Spectrum 48/128
=>- Full Spectrum emulation, border, flash, beeper, Interface 1,
Microdrive In cartridge file, RS232 input and output redirection
to fsle, COM or LPT, joystick support, 12SK sound through
Soundblaster or internal speaker, built-in monitor,
■=>■ Able to load ANY, even protected or speed-saved program
from tape, to save to tape, to redirect tape loads and saves to
disk for easy file access,
r>- 2500 line English documentation.
=>- Runs okay under DOS, Windows and DesqView,
=>■ Full source code of emulator and utilities included!
Runs on any 640K PC; too slow for practical use on PC/XTs
but fast enough on AT's, uses VGA/EGA/CGA cr Hercules.
This program costs US $20. You will receive a 3.5" DD disk
(5.25" disks on request), and you'll be kept informed about
updates. Please send bank notes (bills), name and address to:
Gerton Lunter
PO Box 2535
NL-9704 CM Groningen
Netherland
If you send a cheque, please add US $15 extra and allo w 4
weeks for delivery.
The ROMDisk Fully Functional
Extremely small board for the QL's ROM-Port, works like a
permanent. RAM disk.
In order to be able to upgrade to the color drivers, you need to
have SMSQ/E. The normal SMSQ which is shipped with
QXL card will not be able to handle more colors.
SMSQ/E for the QXL
As Aurora owners will be able to use more colors when the
color drivers are available, another offer for SMSQ/E for the
Aurora plus GoldCard/Super/GoldCard:
SMSQ/E far the Stsper GdLdCassi
QL Games <£ Upgrades QL Applications
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1m stilien Winkel 12
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0203-50201 1 Fax 0203-50201 2
Credit Cards accepted
http://www j-m-s com/smsq/
e-mail smsq@j-in-s. com
QL Today is published by Jochen Merz Software. Jochen
Merz has been supplying software for the QL for several years
and has built up a good reputation for quality and fair trading.
The representative in Britain is Miracle Systems Ltd. who take
subscriptions and do flie distribution.
Subscriptions
Germany (+German add-on) DM 70
England DM 60 £25
Rest of the world DM 70 £30
Back-issues are available for DM 12 (inel. postage)
Checks should be made payable Miracle Systems Ltd.
English Office
Miracle Systems Ltd.
20 Mow Barton
Yates, Bristol
United Kingdom BS17 5NF
Tel. +44 1454 883602 Fax. +44 1454 883602
Editor
Dilwyn Jones
41 Bro Emrys
Tal-Y-Bont, Bangor, Gwynedd
United Kingdom LL57 3YT
Tel. +441248 354023 Fax. +44 1248 354023
ZXirQLive Alive!
18
Winter 1999
Items for the TimexNSinclair Computer
Timeworks Programming kit #1 For T/S 1 000 & ZX81 $4.95
Mindware Gulp Game Timex 1000 & Sinclair ZXS1 $4.95
Timex Horace & The Spiders for the 2068. $5.95
Timex Sinclair 1000 software on tape
Chess(16KRAM)qty5 price $2.95 ea
The Challenger I qty 17 price $2,95 ea
Miadware MW100 plain paper printer for the TS 1000 or
ZX81 computer made in the US. $45.00
All items are new. Please add $3,95 shipping to all orders.
MC, VISA, American Express, phone 717-748-1747
Keith Electronics
224 North Grove St
Lock Haven, PA. 17745
$30 PIUS $10 for S/H
TS-2040 Printers 16K RAM
We Do Not Ship Outside The US & Canada
Checks, Money Orders and Visa or Mastercard
Call 212-675-8414 FAX 212-675-8980
Zebra Systems, Inc.
122W26th a. Suite. 904
New York, NY 10001
Shipping is by UPS ground.
Basics of Timex Sinclair 1500/1000 BASIC
Allen Wolach, Separately priced $12.95
BASIC Basics for the Timex/Sindair 1500/1000
Michael Bamett//Simon Barnett, Separately priced $12.95
The Ins and Outs of the Timex TS-1000 & ZX-81
Don Thomassoii, $12.95
Computer Interfacing Technique in Science TS-1500/1000
Paul Field & John Davies, $12.95
ZX-81 BASIC Programming (in Spanish language)
Steve Vickers (Traducido y adaptado) A copy of this book is
shipped free for asking if you just pay for additional shipping
cost. Separately priced $10
Sinclair
Jack Dohany (Developer - 2068)
627 Vera Ave
Redwood City CA 94061
John McMlchael (Developer - Graphics)
1710 Palmer Dr
Laramie WY 82070
Keith Watson (AERCO & Z80 Emulator)
4 a an a A«u...i.,n.
Mt Clemens, Ml 48038
Rod Gowen (RMG)
14784 S Quail Grove Cir
Oregon City OR 97045-8843
Send them a LSASE and ask for information about
their current products and/or services.
S U P D 1 11 Sii: :
T/S In v^iilpi|P;
JOHN J SHEPARD 111
281 130th ST
OGDENIA 50212
< jshepard@netins.net >
Mostly QL & TS-2068
JACK BOATWRIGHT
67325 FRYREAR RD
BEND OR 97701
< jboatno4@outlawnet.com >
Mostly ZX-81/TS-1 000 & TS-2068
QL TS-2068 ZX-81
; : Boote Magazines
EPS
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E-Mail, •prom* ©#ol. com
TEL: jB18) 774-9444 FAX: (818) 774-0822
WE BUY EXCESS INVENTORY
ZXir QLive Alive?
29
Winter 1999
VOLUME 8 NUMBER 2 Summer 1998
Kiel glass, Bill Mckelvey, Bill Marriott, Frank
Davis, Memotech - Peter, Luke Perry, Conrad
Perfect, Keith Watson, Mark McCann, SOLD -
Frank Davis, Timex- Sally Jagello, Bob
Hartung - QL News, Fred Henn, Home
Electronics Service - John Risk
Input/Output - RMG, Jack Boatwright, Joan
Kealy, Jochen Merz, Alvin Albrecht, Andrew
Dansby, Rod Gowen, Vacuum Tubes, Russ
Pom, T av CltmnrH O A TOR TVrmax Rill
MpKf»h/ev (T«wee Chambers Frank Davis.
Tim Swenson Al Fens. David Lassov. Rod
Gowen
Editor
TS-2068 Talks to a PC by Modem
Abed Kahale
QL Hacker's Journal #30
Timothy Swenson
Timex-Sinclair inventory
Jack Boatwright
CHRS Emulation - HiSoft Pascal
David Solly
QLay .85
Al Feng
How to Hack on the Spectrum
Les Cottreii
OPC Update
Robert Hartung
VOLUME 9 NUMBER 2 S
Summer 1999
X r
Review
Gil Parrish
Input/Output - David Solly (Larry Kenny),
Glen Goodwin, Jack Boatwright Boatwright
(Sir Clive Sinclair), Fred Henn (CTM), Don
Oviatt, Rod Gowen.
Editor
SiirFn the Net
David Lassov
How to Hack the ZX SDectrum -3
Les Cottreii
David Lassov
xvtvivj i^iov ^ i
Rod Gowen
QL Today Notes
Robert Hartung
Internet Glossary
Editor
Font Loader - HiSoft Pascal
David Solly
ZQA! Index 1997-1998
West Coast Sinclair Show
Tim Swensen
VOLUME 8 NUMBER 3
Vutumn 1998
Jet Printer Ink
Editor
Input?Output - OPC - Hartung, LarKen Boards
— Ci A TOR Had Gowen David Lassov Jav
Shenard Louis Florit. Josh Pavne. Jack
RnafwriehL HP 5G0C Printer fire Puzzle - Gil
Editor
TS-2068 Internal ROM By-Pass
William Pedersen
How to Hack on the Spectrum VI
Les Cottreii
VOLUME 9 NUMBER 3 i
Autumn 1999
Input/Output - Joan Kealy, Dane Stegman,
Stephen Waldman, Richard Burt, William
Editor
— —
0T J Hacker's Journal
Tim Swenson
McBrine - TS-2068 Users 2068@unixville
ZioaDee BAS
Al Feng
.com, Joe Rampolla,
OLABer Utidate
Al Feng
QL Hacker's Journal
Tim Swensen
QLATer
AlFeng
TS-2068 ROM ByPass
William Pedersen
How to Hack on the ZX Spectrum - 4
Les Cottreii
Function for UDGs HiSoft
David Solly
RMG Inventory
Jack Boatwright
How to Hack on the Spectrum VI
Les Cottreii
VOMUME 8 NUMBER 4 Winter 1998
VOLUME 9 NUMBER 4
Winter 1999
Input/Output - Puzzle solved - Peter Liebert-
Adelt, GATOR, Les Cottreii, Jack Boatwright,
David Solly, Inventory List - Jay Shcpard,
Louis Florit, Frank Davis, Sinclair Show, John
Pegram, Gerald Anson, West Coast Sinclair
Show - Tim Swenson, David Lassov,
GOODBYE Sinclair - Frank Davis
Editor
Input/Output - Joe Rampolla, Antonio Castro,
Jack Boatwright Boatwright, Jim Mack,
William Girnius, Larry Kenny, Rod Gowen, Al
Feng, Mike Kondrac, Sinclair Zl Radio, Visit to
Larry Kenny's Page, The Train, Douglas
Dunbar, Dean Mikolajczyk, Alvin Albrecht, J.
Shepard, Joan Kealy, Robert Gilbert, Davio
Editor
David Solly
FOP OVER
AlFeng
Lassov, Donald Lambert, Luke Perry, Johon
LarKen/PASCAL
LarKen/HiSoft
David Solly
David Solly
Kasza, Frank Davis, Jeff Burrell, Dane
Stegman.
Changing Scren Attrb. HiSoft
Speed Comparison
QL Hacker's Journal - 29
VOMUME 9 NUMBER 1
David Solly
Tim Swenson
Spring 1999
zsq worKonop
R A Parr
Input/Output - QL-East Coast, NESQLUG - Ed
Kingsley, Jose Moreno, David Solly, Peter
Liebert-Adelt, Clive Reveals ZX-2000 - Jack
Boatwright, Jeff Burrell, Don Oviatt, Earl
Editor
tsaCK copies are ior $i.uu eacn, rusipaiu uum .
A KAHALE
3343 S FLAT ROCK CT
SIERRA ViSTA AZ 85650
ZXir QLive Alive!
20
Winter 1999
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American Libraries
TV News
Understanding 9/11